Alterations of circadian rhythms and their impact on obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases.

Circadian system is comprised by central circadian pacemaker and several peripheral clocks that receive information from the external environment, synchronizing the circadian clocks. It is widely known that physiology is rhythmic and that the rupture of this rhythmicity can generate serious consequences. Circadian clocks, led by suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the central nervous system, are the responsible for generating this biological rhythmicity. These clocks are affected by external signals such as light (changes between day and night) and feeding rhythms. In this review, the basic principles of the circadian system and current knowledge of biological clocks are addressed, analyzing the relationship between circadian system, food intake, nutrition, and associated metabolic processes. In addition, the consequences occurring when these systems are not well coordinated with each other, such as the development of cardiovascular and metabolic pathologies, will be thoroughly discussed.

Vegetación del entorno del balneario / The vegetation of Olmedo spa environment

Se estudia la vegetación del entorno del balneario de Olmedo, en función de factores edáficos, bioclimáticos, biogeográficos y florísticos. Ello nos permite identificar y delimitar las comunidades vegetales climácicas y sus etapas seriales más representativas. La ordenación del trabajo se estructura en torno a las series de vegetación reconocidas en el territorio comenzando con las cabezas de serie climatófilas y edafohigrófilas. Con el fin de facilitar la comprensión de la descripción de las distintas comunidades vegetales estudiadas en el texto y de las plantas medicinales más representativas, incluímos una serie de fotografías en color tanto de los distintos biotopos, como de algunas de las plantas medicinales espontáneas encontradas en el territorio. En esta contribución intentamos poner de manifiesto el alto valor ecológico y paisajístico que atesora el territorio estudiado. Destacamos la ayuda que para nosotros ha representado la memoria doctoral realizada por el farmacéutico D. Daniel Gutiérrez Martín sobre la flora del partido judicial de Olmedo en 1908. Además, reseñamos la colaboración realizada por el Dr. Gutiérrez Martín en la recogida en el término municipal de de Valladolid del interesante taxon Rhaponticoides alpina (= Rhaponticoides linaresii (Lázaro Ibiza) M.V. Agab. & Greuter; = Centaurea linaresii Lázaro Ibiza = Centaurea alpina L.), descrita por D. Blas Lázaro Ibiza en el género Centaurea. Finalmente se incluyen algunas rutas botánicas con el fin de visitar ciertos ecosistemas vegetales de alto valor ecológico de la comarca de Tierra de Pinares

The vegetation is studied in the area around the Olmedo spa, in terms of its soil, bioclimatic, biogeographical and floristic factors. This allows us to identify and delimit the climactic plant communities and their most representative serial stages. The ordination of the work is structured around the recognised plant series in the territory, starting with the climatophilous and edaphohygrophilous heads of series. A selection of diverse graphic material is provided to document the statements in the text. The work highlights the important ecological and scenic value of the territory in the study. Particular emphasis is given to the contribution of the 1908 doctoral thesis of the pharmacist Daniel Gutiérrez Martín on the flora of the district of Olmedo, of which one noteworthy feature is his herborisation of the interesting taxon Rhaponticoides alpina (= Rhaponticoides linaresii (Lázaro Ibiza) M.V. Agab. & Greuter; = Centaurea linaresii Lázaro Ibiza; = Centaurea alpina L.) described by Blas Lázaro Ibiza in the genus Centaurea. Finally, the work also includes a number of commentaries on medicinal plants in the study area and some botanical routes for the purpose of visiting certain plant ecosystems of high ecological value in the Tierra de Pinares region. The syntaxonomical checklist of the vegetation in the territory is also provided